在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)快速發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，各類危險廢物的產(chǎn)生量與日俱增。危險廢物因其具有毒性、腐蝕性、易燃性、反應(yīng)性等危險特性，若處置不當(dāng)，將對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人體健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅。危廢暫存間作為危險廢物產(chǎn)生單位收集、存放危險廢物的專門場所，在整個危險廢物管理體系中占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位，是保障環(huán)境安全的關(guān)鍵防線。?

In the rapid development of modern industry, the amount of various hazardous wastes generated is increasing day by day. Hazardous waste, due to its hazardous characteristics such as toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, and reactivity, can pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health if not disposed of properly. The hazardous waste temporary storage room, as a specialized place for hazardous waste generation units to collect and store hazardous waste, plays a crucial role in the entire hazardous waste management system and is a key defense line to ensure environmental safety. ?

建設(shè)規(guī)范：嚴(yán)守安全環(huán)保底線?

Construction standards: strictly adhere to the bottom line of safety and environmental protection

危廢暫存間的建設(shè)必須嚴(yán)格遵循相關(guān)法律法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。從選址來看，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離人口密集區(qū)、飲用水源保護(hù)區(qū)、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)等環(huán)境敏感區(qū)域，且要位于地質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、地勢較高、不易積水的地段，以防止因自然災(zāi)害導(dǎo)致危險廢物泄漏，對周邊環(huán)境造成污染。同時，暫存間要與生產(chǎn)區(qū)域保持適當(dāng)距離，既便于危險廢物的收集運輸，又能降低對生產(chǎn)活動的潛在影響。?

The construction of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms must strictly comply with relevant laws, regulations, standards and specifications. From the perspective of site selection, it should be far away from densely populated areas, drinking water source protection areas, scenic spots and other environmentally sensitive areas, and should be located in geologically stable, high terrain, and not easily flooded areas to prevent hazardous waste leakage caused by natural disasters and pollution to the surrounding environment. At the same time, the temporary storage room should be kept at an appropriate distance from the production area, which not only facilitates the collection and transportation of hazardous waste, but also reduces the potential impact on production activities. ?

在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)方面，危廢暫存間需具備堅固的基礎(chǔ)和墻體，以承受危險廢物的重量和可能的外力沖擊。屋頂應(yīng)采用防水、防曬、耐腐蝕的材料，防止雨水滲漏和陽光直射對危險廢物造成影響。地面是暫存間建設(shè)的重點部位，必須進(jìn)行防滲處理。通常采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜等防滲材料，鋪設(shè)至少兩層，確保滲透系數(shù)不大于 1.0×10?1? 厘米 / 秒，以有效防止危險廢物中的有害物質(zhì)滲入地下，污染土壤和地下水。此外，暫存間還應(yīng)設(shè)置泄漏液收集裝置，如圍堰、導(dǎo)流槽等，一旦發(fā)生泄漏，能夠及時收集泄漏的危險廢物和滲濾液，避免其擴(kuò)散。?

In terms of building structure, the hazardous waste temporary storage room needs to have a sturdy foundation and walls to withstand the weight of hazardous waste and possible external impacts. The roof should be made of waterproof, sun resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials to prevent rainwater leakage and direct sunlight from affecting hazardous waste. The ground is a key area for the construction of temporary storage rooms and must undergo anti-seepage treatment. Usually, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film and other anti-seepage materials are used, with at least two layers laid to ensure that the permeability coefficient is not greater than 1.0 × 10 ?1? cm/s, in order to effectively prevent harmful substances from hazardous waste from infiltrating into the ground and polluting soil and groundwater. In addition, the temporary storage room should also be equipped with leakage liquid collection devices, such as cofferdams, diversion channels, etc. Once a leakage occurs, the hazardous waste and leachate can be collected in a timely manner to prevent their diffusion. ?

暫存間內(nèi)部布局也有嚴(yán)格要求。不同種類的危險廢物應(yīng)分區(qū)存放，設(shè)置明顯的標(biāo)識牌，注明危險廢物的名稱、類別、數(shù)量、產(chǎn)生日期等信息。對于具有不相容性質(zhì)的危險廢物，必須采取有效的隔離措施，防止相互反應(yīng)引發(fā)安全事故。例如，酸性危險廢物和堿性危險廢物不能存放在同一區(qū)域，需用實體墻或其他有效的隔離設(shè)施進(jìn)行分隔。?

The internal layout of the temporary storage room also has strict requirements. Different types of hazardous waste should be stored in different zones, with clear signs indicating the name, category, quantity, generation date, and other information of the hazardous waste. Effective isolation measures must be taken for hazardous waste with incompatible properties to prevent safety accidents caused by mutual reactions. For example, acidic hazardous waste and alkaline hazardous waste cannot be stored in the same area and need to be separated by solid walls or other effective isolation facilities. ?

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